అర్థం : Plants having naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary. In some systems considered a class (Gymnospermae) and in others a division (Gymnospermophyta). Comprises three subdivisions (or classes): Cycadophytina (class Cycadopsida) and Gnetophytina (class Gnetopsida) and Coniferophytina (class Coniferopsida). In some classifications the Coniferophytina are divided into three groups: Pinophytina (class Pinopsida) and Ginkgophytina (class Ginkgopsida) and Taxophytina (class Taxopsida).